European History

In October 1938, the Nazi regime ordered the expulsion of the Polish Jews residing in Germany. The mass deportation, known as Polenaktion, uprooted around 17,000 people.

Before Athens and Sparta, before even the Parthenon, Greece’s islands shaped history. Explore 10 ancient isles where empires rose, myths were born, and time stands still.

Many may be unaware that the Allies almost lost World War I because Russia left the war early, freeing up thousands of German soldiers on the Eastern Front. But why?

The Spanish Inquisition is commonly misremembered for widespread brutality and torture, but modern historians show it was more regulated and less harsh than myths suggest.

A new technology was introduced during the Civil War: the ironclad vessel. Covered with iron plates, they were impermeable to traditional cannonballs. What would happen if they fought?

King Henry VIII, the good-prince-turned-pathological-monster, was renowned for his gluttony, temper, and matrimonial disasters. Here’s how people kept (or lost) their heads in his court.

Known for his victory over Napoleon at Waterloo, the Duke of Wellington was a complex character with many other important events in his life.

What happened to European militaries at the end of the Cold War?